Though physically fit, they lacked discipline and were poorly armed, accentuating the loss of Elizabeth with its weapons and the regulars intended to provide the core of the Jacobite army. Painting suggested to be Donald Cameron of Lochiel (1695- 1748) his adherence was vital in the early stages but he lacked military experience O'Sullivan estimated initial numbers as around 1,000, with 700 Camerons plus several hundred men from Lochaber led by Keppoch. Many of those contacted on arrival told Charles to return to France but Lochiel's commitment persuaded enough for the Rebellion to be launched at Glenfinnan on 19 August. This meant Charles arrived with few weapons, accompanied only by the " Seven Men of Moidart," among them the elderly Marquess of Tullibardine and John O'Sullivan, an Irish-born officer in the French army. Four days out, they were intercepted by HMS Lion which engaged Elizabeth after a four hour battle, both were forced to return to port, while Du Teillay continued to Eriskay. Lord George Murray, Jacobite lieutenant-general while possessing considerable talents, his inability to take advice and personality clashes with Charles became a major factor in the campaignĬharles left France on 15 July aboard Du Teillay, supplies and 70 volunteers from the Irish Brigade transported by Elizabeth, an elderly 64-gun warship. The army also included a large number of north-eastern and lowland Scots, along with substantial Franco-Irish and English contingents, who were drilled and organised in line with contemporary European military practices. Once characterised as a largely Gaelic-speaking force recruited from the Scottish Highlands using traditional weapons and tactics, modern historians have demonstrated this was only partially accurate. While a large number of Jacobites remained in arms, lack of external and domestic support combined with overwhelming government numbers meant they dispersed, ending the rebellion. Reaching a peak strength of between 9,000 to 14,000, they won another victory in January 1746 at Falkirk, before defeat at Culloden in April. A force of about 5,500 then invaded England in November and reached as far south as Derby before successfully retreating into Scotland.
Starting with less than 1,000 men at Glenfinnan in August 1745, the Jacobite army won a significant victory at Prestonpans in September.
The Jacobite Army, sometimes referred to as the Highland Army, was the military force assembled by Charles Edward Stuart and his Jacobite supporters during the 1745 Rising that attempted to restore the House of Stuart to the British throne.
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